The word Basilica comes from a Greek term meaning “Royal House,” which was a public building in which royal business was transacted. The term was adopted by the Romans, and after Christianity became the principal religion of the Roman Empire, the word was applied to large and important churches. Today, it can refer to a particular architectural style, but in the case of the Basilica of St. Mary it denotes a church that has been given special designation by the Pope. The reasons for bestowing this designation include architectural beauty, historical significance, liturgical renown, or any combination of these attributes. A Basilica shares a special relationship with the Vatican and with the Holy Father. Due to this unique relationship between the Holy Father and the designated church, a Basilica celebrates certain liturgical days with particular care.

There are two types of Basilicas – Major and Minor. There are four Major Basilicas in the world (St. Peter’s Basilica, St. John Lateran, St. Paul Outside the Walls, and St. Mary Major), and several thousand Minor Basilicas in various countries and nations.

Three physical signs to indicate that a church is a Minor Basilica.